Authentic Lessons for 21st Century Learning

Fragrant Pheromones

Experimental Design

K20 Center, Shelly Pratt

  • Grade Level Grade Level 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th
  • Subject Subject Science
  • Course Course Biology I, Biology II
  • Time Frame Time Frame 4-50 class period(s)
  • Duration More 200 minutes

Summary

Students will practice experimental design by identifying key elements of an experiment such as a hypothesis, the variables, and a conclusion based on experimental scenarios. They will also design an experiment (through guided inquiry) centered around termite pheromones, then create and share their results in a lab report.

Essential Question(s)

How do we use scientific investigations to find answers to questions?

Snapshot

Engage

Students will watch a 1-minute video clip demonstrating experimental design in an everyday, real-world setting. Then, using the Justified True/False strategy, they will re-watch the video clip and answer the questions.

Explore

Students will do parts one and two (Making Observations & Testable Questions) using the online site developed by Howard Hughes Medical Institute Biointeractives using real world data collected at Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique.

Explain

Students will watch a video clip about the results of an online survey. In groups (of 2-4) they will infer experimental design and hypothesis, etc., which they will then explain to the class and teacher. The teacher will review the scientific method and experimental design.

Extend

Students will design an experiment through guided inquiry in which they test the pheromones of termites.

Evaluate

Students will create a formal lab report, and they will share the results with the class.

Materials

  • Video clip of experimental design on Big Bang Theory (linked under Engage and in Resources)

  • Student copies of "Big Bang Theory Experimental Design" handout (located under "Attachments," two copies of handout on each page)

  • Technology (e.g., laptops/Chromebooks/computer lab)—one per pair of students

  • "Gorongosa WildCam Activity" handout (located under Attachments)

  • Overhead projector with computer and Internet access

  • Video clip of "Do You Have a Racial Preference?" (linked under Explain and in Resources)

  • "Racial Preference Video Instructions" PowerPoint/pdf of questions for video (located under Attachments)

  • "Experimental Design Notes" Powerpoint/pdf (located under Attachments)

  • Worker termites (notes on how to obtain these are in the Extend section)

  • Cotton swabs

  • Three brands of ink pens (one brand must be Paper Mate), each with 3 different colors (red, black, blue)

  • Blank white paper

  • Index cards

  • Graph paper

  • "Termite Inquiry Lab" handout (located under Attachments, one per student)

  • Poster board or easel-sized Post-it paper

  • "Lab Reports Format" handout for students (located under Attachments)

  • Markers

  • Colored pencils

  • Scissors

  • Colored paper

Engage

This section is used to access prior student knowledge about experimental design. This will allow the teacher to determine where students are at cognitively for the topic/lesson.

Before beginning the lesson, emphasize the essential question and reference it as the lesson progresses.

  1. Students will watch the 1-minute clip of the Big Bang Theory (linked here and URL in Resources). Warn students that the clip is short and fast, and encourage them to watch the video carefully the first time, ignoring the handout.

  2. Students will then receive a handout which asks them to use the Justified True/False strategy as they watch the clip again. Provide directions to the strategy and have them look over the categories they will have to mark as true or false. Start the clip for the second time.

  3. Once the clip is finished, have students answer the T/F on their handouts (1 or 2 minutes).

  4. Pair students with an elbow partner to have them answer the justification section and final question (10 min). Altogether, entire section should be around 15 minutes.

Explore

This section is to allow students to become familiar with the beginning steps of designing an inquiry. Using the website at https://www.wildcamgorongosa.org, students will do the "Gorongosa WildCam Activity" (located under Attachments and adapted for this lesson from the original pdf from Howard Hughes Medical Institute). Students are to make observations and testable questions using the data collected from the wildlife camera set on the trails of Gorongosa National Park in Mozambique.

Explain

Students will watch a 2-3 minute video clip called “Do You have a Racial Preference?” at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HjSh_esW9W4. The video describes online dating statistics that reveal users' racial preferences. Students will have a short question set on the methodology and experimental design at the end of the clip (approximately 5 minutes).

Together with an elbow partner, students will determine the study’s possible question(s), hypotheses, data, and possible conclusion(s) and put their answers on a note card. Instructions for the activity can be found in the "Racial Preference Video Instructions" provided under Attachments.

Once again, this clip is very short and fast, so have students prepare their cards before viewing the video. Encourage students to watch the video carefully the first time and to ignore the card.

Play the clip for the second time. Once the clip is finished, have students answer the questions on their card (5 minutes), and then pair them with an elbow partner to discuss and/or change their answers (5 min). Altogether, entire section should be around 15 minutes.

Present key vocabulary and explain the scientific method as well as key elements of good experimental design using "Experimental Design Notes" (located under Attachments) as a lecture guide. Be sure to use examples from elements of the lesson thus far—both video clips and the Gorongosa activity. (Approx. 30 minutes)

Extend

Students will be designing a guided inquiry into the behavior of termites with the help of the "Termite Inquiry Lab" handout (located under Attachments). Have students read the scenario before they attempt to write their hypotheses and determine their variables. They will have to choose between three testable options: ink brands, ink colors, path shapes. The "Termite Inquiry Lab" handout for the inquiry is in Attachments as a modifiable word document or as a pdf. Teachers should read the inquiry handout for the students to familiarize themselves to the parameters of the lab.

Evaluate

Student lab reports can be done in groups or individually, but the ideal group size would consist of two or three students. This allows students to help each other on this very early report. For this inquiry, they will be writing their lab reports on large poster board or poster-sized Post-it and sharing their findings with the class. The lab report format is one students will use all year for their lab reports, so this could be their first opportunity to write one. A copy of the lab report requirements is in Attachments as "Lab Reports Format." The format included is one students can cut out and tape or paste into the fronts or backs of their notebooks. Students can tape, paste, or staple their inquiry sheets (especially their data sheets) to the back of their reports as evidence of conducting the experiment.

Students don't have to limit themselves to creating a basic or traditional lab report. There is more than one way to create these reports, allowing students to showcase their creative side. Possible variations listed below with a few example images:

  • Construction paper reports: Have students put all 10 lab report items on a folded (hamburger style) piece of construction paper. Get the larger sized construction paper if you can (this gives a little more room for everything).

  • Card stock/colored paper reports: Same as construction paper. These can have two pages for extra writing space, just staple the spine.

  • Flip book reports: If you do not know how to construct a flip book, go to https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jg8EJFcQ068. It walks you through the process of creating a flip book, which you can show your students the first time you use this method. You will want four or five pieces of paper to create an eight or 10 page flip book per student. Each page in the book is a tab for each section of the lab report. If you go the eight-page route, page one will include the lab title and the picture/drawing and page two will include both the hypothesis and the variables.

  • Typed report: If students have access to laptops/Chromebooks/computer lab, then they could type their reports on a Google Doc, share with an elbow or clock partner (for proof reading), and then they can print it out to turn in or share it for online grading. Alternatively, this can also be done as a part of Google Classroom.

2Q==
Card stock lab report format - front cover
2Q==
Card stock lab report format - open to inside showing the sections where materials, procedures, and data would go
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Flip book lab report format - large items (data tables and graphs) go on the larger, last pages while short sections (hypotheses) go on the shorter pages

Wrap up the lesson by re-emphasizing the essential question and having one last conversation about how science is done. Also, teachers might want students to do a rough draft (either in their notebooks or on white paper) and get approval/teacher sign-off on how the final report would look.

Resources