Summary
Sometimes, we know a great deal about the meaning and inspiration behind a work of art. In many cases, the artist has left information about their art in an artist's statement. Sometimes though, it is up to the viewer to construct their own meaning of a work of art, regardless of what information about a piece is available. In this lesson, students will construct their own meaning of a work of art through ekphrastic poetry (poetry in response to the form and content of visual art). In this lesson, students will explore a virtual art gallery, analyze works of art, and compose an ekphrastic poem.
Essential Question(s)
How can poetry engage with visual art?
Snapshot
Engage
Students use a painting to inspire writing a short poem.
Explore
Students compare their original poem to another poet’s poem inspired by the same poem and are introduced to ekphrasis through touring a virtual art gallery.
Explain
Students do a deep tour of The Met’s virtual art gallery to gather information about a chosen work of art.
Extend
Students compose an original ekphrastic poem based on the art chosen from their tour of The Met’s virtual gallery.
Evaluate
Students reflect on their ekphrastic poem by imagining the reaction of their chosen work of art’s creator.
Materials
Lesson Slides (attached)
"The Dance" by William Carlos Williams document (attached; one per student)
Art Critic Activity handout (attached; one per student)
Ekphrasis Example handout (attached; one per student)
Ekphrasis Research and Reflection handout (attached; one per student)
Devices that can access the websites noted in the Lesson Resources
Engage
10 Minute(s)
Display slide 3 to introduce the lesson objectives:
Analyze visual artwork to interpret its meaning using personal insight and observation.
Compose an original ekphrastic poem that communicates an interpretation of a selected work of art.
Display slide 4 to introduce "The Peasant Dance," a painting by Pieter Bruegel.
With the painting displayed, give students time to examine the image closely. Ask the following questions to aid students in making inferences and forming reactions to the painting before giving them any information about the work:
What do you see in this painting?
Who do you think was the artist?
What was their inspiration?
Share the following background information about the painting "Kermesse." Also known as "The Peasant Dance," it was made in 1567 by Pieter Bruegel, a prolific Dutch painter from the Netherlands.
Have students look at the painting again. Ask them to focus on the following questions:
What do you notice?
What is happening in the painting?
Who are the subjects?
Show slide 5. After reflecting, ask students to compose a short poem on their own paper using the template below and on the slide. The three-line poem should describe what is happening in the painting.
In ___
The ___
Around ___
Give students 5–10 minutes to compose their 3-line poems. Ask them to share their responses using the Think-Pair-Share strategy. After students have had time to write, ask them to share their poems with a neighbor, either reading aloud to each other or switching papers and reading the other’s poem silently. Ask student volunteers to read their poems aloud to the whole class.
Explore
20 Minute(s)
After students have shared their poems, tell them that the famous American poet, William Carlos Williams, wrote a poem about this painting. His poem was not three lines long, but it was about the subject of this painting.
Pass out the attached “The Dance” by William Carlos Williams document to each student.
Direct students to follow along on their handout as the poem is read. Depending on your students and preferences, the poem could be read by having students take turns reading a few lines, reading the poem to students, or assigning one student to read out loud.
After reading the poem by William Carlos Williams, display slide 6 and ask students the following questions:
What similarities did you notice between this poem and yours?
What was it like to write about what was happening in the painting?
After students have described their experiences, focus on the second question. Writing about the painting is the theme of this lesson: ekphrasis.
Display slide 7. Introduce the term ekphrasis to students:
“The word ekphrasis, which comes from Greek, is a vivid, often dramatic, verbal description of or commentary on a visual work of art.”
Elaborate on ekphrasis for students. Explain that writing a poem about the subject of or composition of a work of art is an example of ekphrastic writing, which is what they’ve just done by writing their poems. Point out that William Carlos Williams’s poem is an example of an ekphrastic poem.
Ask students to imagine writing a response (like a poem) to a painting while in front of that painting in real life. Ask if any students have had either of the following experiences:
Visited an art museum and looked at works of visual art
Written a response to a piece of art while in a museum
Display slide 8. Open the link to the Breugel Virtual Gallery. Explain to students that many large and some small museums have virtual tours available for free, which are the next-best-things to an actual in-person visit.
To explore virtual museum examples, show students the virtual tour of the Bruegel Gallery in Vienna where the painting "The Peasant Dance" (or “Kermesse”) is housed. Either guide on your own device or direct students to explore on their own devices. Give students enough time to navigate the virtual gallery tools. Use the I Notice, I Wonder strategy to encourage critical thinking about the art in the virtual galleries they visit.
Explain
25 Minute(s)
Display slide 9, and pass out the Art Critic Activity handout. Read through the following directions with your students:
Go to k20.ou.edu/be.
Use the filters to specify the art you would like to see.
Push the red button in the lower right corner to create a virtual gallery.
Display slide 10. Give students time to scroll through the gallery they have created based on the filters selected. As they tour the virtual gallery, tell students to ask themselves the following questions:
What immediately grabs my attention? Why?
What am I drawn to because I like the way it looks? What positive feelings arise?
What am I drawn to because I don’t like the way it looks? What negative feelings arise?
The goal of these questions is to empower students to act as art critics and look for the good and the bad based on their preferences.
After students have had time to look through the gallery options, assign them to each choose one piece of art. When each student has selected their preference, they will answer the questions on the handout.
Display slides 11–12. Ask students to examine their art preferences and record answers to the following questions:
Who made this?
What stands out in this piece?
Who/what is the subject matter?
What is happening in this piece?
What do you think the artist had in mind when creating this piece?
How do you feel when you look at this piece?
What does this piece remind you of?
What sensory details can you observe in this piece
What sensory details can you infer from this piece?
Ask students to respond to the questions in words, phrases, similes, metaphors, colors, and images they can use to construct their ekphrastic poem in response to the art piece.
Extend
25 Minute(s)
Display slide 13. Revisit the essential question: How can poetry engage with visual art?
Show slide 14. Distribute the Ekphrasis Example handout. Consider taking a few minutes to analyze the structure of the poem about the Seurat painting with your students. Afterward, invite students to move to the second page of the Art Critic Activity handout. Have students use the line starters to construct their original poem. Once students have had time to reflect on their preferred piece of art from the virtual tour, instruct them to use their notes to create an ekphrastic poem.
Evaluate
10 Minute(s)
Show slide 15. To complete the process, have students end the lesson by writing a reflection on how their preferred artist might receive their poem. Ask students to use the questions below to generate the reflection.
What is the tone of my poem? (earnest, romantic, sarcastic, humorous, etc.)
Explain by citing specific parts of your poem.
What inspired the tone of your poem?
Explain by citing specific parts of your poem and describing specific elements of the art.
How does the tone of your poem compare with how the piece of art appears?
Does it complement or contrast with the art? Explain.
Have students use the attached Ekphrasis Research and Reflection handout, to integrate their reflection on writing about the art into a document that includes a picture of the work they are reflecting on, their original poem, and a reflection that is at least a one-paragraph response.
If technology and skills of the students permit, have them complete their reflection in the handout, attach a digital picture of the piece of art used (sourced using The Met website), and type in their poem. This full document can be printed and turned in or shared via an LMS like Google Classroom. Ask students to include the source of their preferred art piece.
Resources
Bruegel, Pieter. (1567). The Peasant Dance [Painting]. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Peasant_Dance
K20 Center. (n.d.). Canva. Tech Tools. https://learn.k20center.ou.edu/tech-tool/612
K20 Center. (n.d.) Google classroom. Tech Tools. https://learn.k20center.ou.edu/tech-tool/628
K20 Center. (n.d.). Google slides. Tech Tools. https://learn.k20center.ou.edu/tech-tool/2335
K20 Center. (n.d.). I notice, I wonder. Strategies. https://learn.k20center.ou.edu/strategy/180
K20 Center. (n.d.). Think, pair, share. Strategies. https://learn.k20center.ou.edu/strategy/139
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ecphrasis
Metropolitan Museum of Art. (n.d.). #metkids. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/online-features/metkids/
Romano, Andrea. (2020, March 12). Stuck at home? These 12 famous museums offer virtual tours you can take on your couch. Travel & Leisure. https://www.travelandleisure.com/attractions/museums-galleries/museums-with-virtual-tours
Seurat, Georges. (1887). Circus Sideshow [Painting]. The Met Fifth Avenue, Gallery 825, New York. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/437654
The Bruegel Gallery (n.d.).
https://my.3dvirtualexperience.nl/bruegel_begegnen_only_in_vienna/index.html#dh=0&lang=en
Williams, William Carlos. 1962. The Dance. Poetry.com. https://www.poetry.com/poem/39703/the-dance